Treatise for the Christian Soldier in John Milton’s Paradise Lost Essay

Milton's Treatise for the Christian Soldier in Paradise Lostâ â â â â â â Â Â While the War in Heaven, introduced in Book VI of John Milton's Paradise Lost, works as a nullification of the idea of brilliance related with the epic convention, the scene additionally fills a significant philosophical need. It gives nothing not exactly an ideal case of how the Christian fighter should act faithfully in battling fiendish, guarding against enticement, and remaining ever cautious against the powers of murkiness. It additionally offers a definitive expectation that Satan can be ruined and comforts Christians in the information that Satan can't be triumphant. Simultaneously, the model cautions against the claims that Christians may have about having the option to conquer Satan without anyone else. Christians are reminded that the triumph must be won by the Son of God, best case scenario, they can just affirm their loyalty and submission to God through their administration. All through the sonnet Milton has attempted to show two meanings of brilliance. The primary lies in the presumption that war can carry wonder to the individuals who perform chivalrous deeds in its administration. This is the view Satan holds, and is confirm in his words to Abdiel, Yet well thou com'st/Before thy colleagues, aggressive to win/From me some tuft (vi, 159-161). The second characterizes magnificence not as something won, yet something given. The Son avows this definition when he discloses to the unwavering blessed messengers why only he should end the war: against me is all their fierceness,/Because the Father, to whom in Heaven incomparable/Kingdom and force and brilliance relates,/Hath regarded me, as indicated by his will (vi, 813-816). James Holly Hanford maybe best depicts the tangled sentiments Milton had for war: War, at that point comprised for Milt... ...on's model and by Milton's control of the components of the epic convention. For Milton, putting down the epic convention for Christian principle epitomizes his musings on war. As a practical conservative, Milton considered war to be the consequence of transgression, however realized that on account of the nearness of wrongdoing in a post-lapsarian world, war on earth would just be finished by the Son, similarly as he finished it in Heaven. Works Cited Fish, Stanley Eugene. Shocked by Sin: The Reader in Paradise Lost. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1967. Hanford, James Holly. Milton and the Art of War. John Milton, Poet and Humanist: papers by James Holly Hanford. Cleveland: Press of Western Reserve U, 1966. 185-223. Revard, Stella Purce. The War in Heaven. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1980. Rosenburg, D. M. Epic Warfare in Cowley and Milton. CLIO 22.1 (1992): 67-80. Â

3 Cases of Insufficient Punctuation

3 Cases of Insufficient Punctuation 3 Cases of Insufficient Punctuation 3 Cases of Insufficient Punctuation By Mark Nichol Every one of the accompanying sentences is undermined by the absence of a couple of accentuation marks, bringing about a potential for disarray among perusers. Conversation following every model clarifies the blemish, and an amendment shows more clear sentence organization. 1. Move over recent college grads this gathering is assuming control over the rental market. The basic â€Å"move over,† followed by a word distinguishing who is to act as indicated by the basic to move to one side, peruses as though an undefined crowd is being advised to change their area at a situation over a specific segment gathering. At the point when a sentence starts with an order and a modifier, separate the two sentence components with a comma: â€Å"Move over, twenty to thirty year olds this gathering is assuming control over the rental market.† 2. This paper presents a procedure dependent on industry-acknowledged structures that subtleties all the means firms need to take to direct an extensive and agreeable hazard appraisal. Here, the absence of understanding among systems and subtleties flags that the action word doesn't have any significant bearing to the thing, yet their vicinity despite everything acquaints a sign with clamor impediment, which would be enhanced if the thing and action word agreed. To explain that subtleties relates to system, not structures, section the changing expression â€Å"based on industry-acknowledged frameworks† with commas: â€Å"This paper presents a strategy, in light of industry-acknowledged structures, that subtleties all the means firms need to take to lead a far reaching and agreeable hazard assessment.† 3. Circulation and courses to market can benefit from outside intervention by actualizing a robotized computerized entrance in spite of the fact that this is more mind boggling since it can affect commission. This energetically dashing sentence profits by a few embedded commas to flag settled subordinate provisions the expression starting with since is subordinate to the one start with in spite of the fact that, which thus is subordinate to the primary statement: â€Å"Distribution and courses to market can benefit from outside intervention by executing a computerized advanced gateway, despite the fact that this is more intricate, since it can affect commission.† Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Punctuation class, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:Types of RhymeOne Sheep, Two Sheep, One Fish, Two Fish . . .Woof or Weft?

What to Do When You Hate Your Job and You Dont Have Anything Else Lined Up (Yet)

What to Do When You Hate Your Job and You Dont Have Anything Else Lined Up (Yet) The great Confucius once said,“Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life.”Job satisfaction is something you don’t find very often in this world. Be it a horrible boss who keeps on squeezing you to get more out of you, stupid working hours, mean co-workers, toxic environment or you are simply not interested; you might hate your job for variety of reasons.On top of that, you can’t leave because you don’t have any other job lined up just yet.Job opportunities in your area are scarce or your degree in (put some arts subjects here) is not as in demand as you originally thought (you need to realize that sooner rather than later).Or, you know that no other company will pay you as much as you are getting from your current employer.In a nutshell, you simply hate your job but can’t do anything about it.You are not alone if you are feeling confused, frustrated and anxiety stricken person who totally abhors his job but cannot simply leave. Employee dis engagement, especially at managerial level, is rampant across the globe.However, this is not the end of the world. As Felicia Ricci describes in her video, you can still find a new job even if you are totally lost. Watch yourself what she has to say. Knowing that no information is possibly going to help you (pun intended) when you hate your job but have no other offer of any kind. There is always light at the end of the tunnel and therefore, read on.SHOULD YOU QUIT YOUR JOB IF YOU HATE IT?Yes, everyone will advise you not to quit your job if you don’t have any other lined up just yet.Sometimes, this is the best approach you can adopt, especially if your job and life is too consuming and you don’t have the energy and motivation for job hunt.Sometimes, it impossible for you to carry on under-the-radar job search and continue in your current role simultaneously.However, there are some situations when it is perfectly fine to just quit your job even before finding another one.The fol lowing lines explain some of these situations.Your Work Environment is ToxicWell, what else can you do but quit if your job is really bad. There are many things which make a job bad such as low pay, power working environment, a horrible boss, mocking company culture, or mean colleagues etc.According to Linda Raynier, a renowned career strategist, there are five signs of bad work environment. Watch the following video to know what those signs are: Whatever the reasons, you should never work in such an environment.When negativity surrounds you from all sides, you start feeling miserable and your confidence can take a blow as well. Such circumstances might not only affect your work but family and personal life as well.You are Mentally and Physically DisturbedWhat do you think is more important for you, your health and safety or your job? If you prioritize your health than you should resign without any second thought.You should immediately leave your job if the work environment is makin g you mentally and physically sick.There is no question about it.Is Your Current Job Consuming Your Whole Life?Sometimes, your work environment can become synonymous to a prison. Your job consumes your whole life where you can’t do anything but to sit in front of computer screens from morning till night days in days out.You might also have to perform other’s duties, work 60 hours a week and even take your work home. You have no time to focus on your own wellbeing or can’t spare 10 minutes in a day to spend with your family.Therefore, if you are trapped in such an office, it is time to move on.Can You Afford Quitting Your Job?This is the most important question you should ask yourself. Can you afford quitting your current job without securing another one?You need to have a steady stream of income or a support system in place in order to pay all those bills.Therefore, it is imperative for you to take a hard look at your finances and figure out how you will manage all your expens es and expenditures.You need to consider two things.Are you already barely scarping or can you afford unemployment for a month or two.What is Prompting You to Quit?Sometimes, your job drives you so much crazy that you can’t find out what actually is prompting you to quit.What is making you so desperate to leave?You should do some self-reflection, give yourself some time and ponder about what your course of action should be in near future.Determine whether you just want to escape poor working environment or want to attain a goal by resigning from your current role.THINGS TO DO WHEN YOU HATE YOUR JOB BUT HAVE NOT FOUND THE REPLACEMENTSo, we have ascertained that you do hate your job. You have identified all the red flags and signs which indicate that you are at the wrong job some of which are given in this highly informative video by Shaina Leis. You daily go to a job you hate from the bottom of your heart and try to find ways to distract yourself from an unpleasant realty you are u nfortunately part of.Therefore, before you start pursuing shallow desires or develop a drinking habit, read the following list which might help you alleviate your pain.Do not Give Vent to Your ThoughtsDon’t make it an open secret that you hate your job. You better keep your thoughts to yourself, your close friends and members of your family only.Posting “I really hate my job” on Facebook is perhaps the worst thing you can do to yourself.Don’t tell the world because wrong people are always looking for an opportunity to grind their own axe.If you openly give vent to your feelings, your employers will eventually get to know and that is not what you want. Do you?Determine what exactly is causing Unhappiness?It is also imperative for you to find what actually makes you unhappy about job. Just don’t wail about how terrible you feel but strive to find the reason which is actually making you unhappy.Is it your employer or the position?Is it your work environment or colleagues?Self -analysis is never easy but it is the solid first step towards formulating a clear and effective strategy for your future.Set Your BoundariesThere is no point in working in a toxic environment. But â€" if you have no other choice, you must set your boundaries.For instance, you must send a clear message to your superiors that you are only available from 9am to 5pm. Make sure your boss and colleagues clearly understand you and have no ambiguity about what you said.Similarly, you can also refuse to perform someone else’s duties. Moreover, you can also delegate some of your work to others. Again, you clearly need to communicate what you are going to do and what not.If you are still unclear about how to set boundaries in your personal and professional life, you can take help from the following video. Talk to Your BossThere is no harm in talking to your boss about your situation. Clearly mention the reasons why you are so unhappy about your job.Similarly, also explain what remedial meas ures you want him to take to improve the overall work environment and enhance employee engagement.If your boss is considerate and humane, he will consider your request. If not, it is better to look for other greener pastures.You are not alone in this WorldIf you loathe your job, you are not alone in this world. You can take heart from the fact that only 30% employees around the globe like their jobs.Anyone can hate his job due to any reason.Perhaps, your job is good but work environment is terrible.Perhaps, your job has failed to fulfill your dreams.Perhaps you simply disliked your customers or you are not happy with the work schedule.In nutshell, it is not a bad thing to hate your job. At least you have realized it and now you can prepare yourself for the future in time.Don’t just quit the jobYou need to remember that haste always makes waste. You might repent your decision of hurriedly resigning from your job, especially if you are unable to find another job soon enough.Therefor e, before resigning, try to make your job work by exploring different options available to you.For instance, you may just be going through tough times which are not going to last forever.Also try different things to be happier at your work place. Do everything that can make even slightest of difference. Try all the alternatives before you finally decide to leave.Choose Your Words WiselyYou must always choose your words wisely and same is true if you despise your job.Be very careful when you are talking to others about how terrible you feel at your workplace. People tend to shout at maximum volume when they are about to resign.Companies love references. Never broadcast that you hate your job. What you say to others really matters because your future employers may talk to your current employers.Therefore, never try to make an already appalling boss angry.Maximize the Advantages of BreaksSometimes, it becomes necessary to get a break from your hectic schedule.For instance, go outside a nd enjoy the nature during the breaks instead of just keep staring on your screens.Similarly, try to maximize the advantages of all of your weekends and any vacation you are eligible for. You can change your internal world by manipulating your external one.You also need to add extra stress relieving activities such as meditation and yoga in your daily routine.These activities will help you reorganize yourself and minimize the effect of negative emotions associated with toxic office Environment.Try to Find Pleasure outside Your JobYour job is stressing. No problem. You can negate the adverse effects of your job by finding pleasure and leisure outside your workplace.Try to spend as much time as possible with your family. Go on daily walks. Attend parties organized by your friends. Take your kids to movies, parks and other entertainment centers.Try to liberate yourself from the shackles of the job you hate so much. Do everything you think can make your life bit easier, happier and can also alleviate the stress you are currently under.Evaluate the Overall Impact of Your JobIt is also important to evaluate the overall impact of your job on your mind, body, family and overall lifestyle.Is your job at least satisfactorily either in terms of scope of work or pay? You need to remember that your job plays a pivotal role in determining your emotional, physical and mental wellbeing and that of your family.If your job is all about negativity, it is not worth it no matter how lucrative it is.However, the final decision rests with you of course.Contemplate Why You are not ResigningContemplate why you are hesitant to resign. You need to mitigate all risks involved in job hunt or actually moving to another company.Try to gather as much information as possible. The more you know about your situation and the company you want to join, the better it is for you.As a general rule of thumb, rewards of leaving your current job and finding another one should be greater than all the ris ks involved.Grow Your Professional NetworkOne of the best things you can do when you dislike your job is to quietly build your professional network.Try to make more friends both inside and outside your organization. Be assertive and reach out to as many professionals in your field as you can.By expanding your network, you significantly increase your chances of finding a new job.Also try to maintain good relationships with your boss. You might not be creating any problem but you must take first step to clear the air between both of you.Gain maximum Knowledge and Experience from Your current JobIt’s alright if you hate your job but you must give it your best as long as you are receiving the paycheck. It is for your own benefit.Take maximum interest in all the matters related to your role. Try to present yourself as a problem solver and volunteer for work outside your job description.Get more active in your department and become a go to person. This will enable you to open doors to n ew opportunities in addition to find motivation and personal satisfaction.Most importantly, you will be able to gain more knowledge and experience which you can utilize in your future position.Focus on Professional DevelopmentThere are many companies that finance training and educational programs for their employees.However, you must finance your own professional development if your company is not one of them.No one but you is responsible for your professional development. Identify your strengths and weaknesses and the areas you still need to develop.Plan for long term goals and use the right strategies to attain those goals. Continuous professional development is definitely one of these strategies.Try to find a different Role for YourselfDon’t like your job at all? Figure out what you enjoying doing and go after it even if it is not within your job scope. There are many things you can do to modify your role.You can volunteer to train new recruits, organize social events or write content for company’s website, blog and social media profiles.On the other hand, you can put forward formal request to transfer you to some other department or deal with a particular supplier or customer (which you enjoy spending time with). Give yourself a chance to survive in your current company before thinking about leaving.Learn how to be more DiplomaticYou also need to learn how to be more diplomatic. If you are doing a great job and pretty confident about it, speak with conviction about your achievements.Your boss and peers will ultimately take notice of your accomplishment only if you are not too immodest.Always solicit compliments from your colleagues and superiors if you complete any project successfully. Shameless self-promotion is sometimes necessary. You just need to learn how to effectively use it.Always Remember Your Job does not Define who You areYour job, does not in any case, define who you actually are.It is your life outside your work which makes you what you a re.You are all about your moral values and things you stand for such as open mindedness, compassion, and equal rights for everyone.Think about what the most important thing in your life is and things you love to do. Try to catch signals and identify things which inspire and infuriate you.Start Searching for New JobsIt is a no brainer. If you hate your job and nothing seems to be working, it is time to start looking for jobs.However, your job search has to be discreet and quiet. Don’t let your boss and colleagues have any vibe of your intentions.Release the news when you are finally ready to leave.Talk privately with your contacts on Facebook or LinkedIn that you want a new job. Start applying for relevant jobs and see how it goes. Finally, be prepared to wait because it might take some time to find a new job.Always keep the Doors Open for possible ReturnNo one knows what your new job entails for you. It is also possible that your new role is not as rewarding as you originally thou ght. Or, your current job environment is even worse than that of the previous one. You may also long to return to your previous organization. It is only possible if you keep good terms with your boss, colleagues and peers.Resign with ClassYou should always resign with class no matter you hate or love your job. Give sufficient notice (at least two weeks) so that they can find your replacement.Perform your duties diligently during the notice period. Give your hundred percent and leave with dignity. Leave no hard feelings about yourself behind.CONCLUSIONThe stress you are under when you hate your job can definitely push you to your breaking point. Quitting is not always a realistic or fruitful option no matter how much you hate your job or boss.Fortunately, there are many things you can do to make your stay in an organization a bit more enjoyable and happy.If however, you think that leaving is the only solution, don’t hesitate to quite. Again, the final decision rests with you.

Technology as Important Part of All Business Firms - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3105 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Level High school Did you like this example? Introduction Technology is becoming increasingly very important to the success of all business firms, and to the national economic growth. The process of globalization is driven by technology development and the ability of corporations to uplift the use of technology effectively and rapidly. The technological gap between developed countries and emerging nations has narrowed but still remains huge. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Technology as Important Part of All Business Firms" essay for you Create order The first step to narrowing the gap is for emerging nations to absorb technology successfully. The rapid economic growth achieved by the newly industrialized economies has generated a vast amount of research on the mechanism behind the economic take off. According to F. Montes-Negret (2008), progress in developing countries reflects the absorption of pre-existing technologies not at the frontier inventions. In general terms, catch up refers to the ability of a country to reduce the gap in productivity and income with respect to the leading international countries (Fagerberg-Godinho,2005). Perez (1988) views catching up as a question of relative speed in a race along a fixed track, according to him, technology is understood to be a unidirectional process. Furthermore, he observes that every country is a beginner in terms of the newly emerging techno-economic paradigm, which implies the possibility of being a latecomer. Research has shown that in the catching-up process, the late-co mer does not simply follow the path of a technological development of the advanced countries. Instead, they would rather skip some stages or even create their own individual ways which are different from the developed countries. By doing this, it may result in the developing countries becoming latecomers in technology advancing. For the country to have growth in economy and industrial development, it needs to have an absorptive capacity and ability to tap in the worlds technology pool. Cohen and Levinthal (2000) explains absorptive capacity as the ability to assess the value of external knowledge and technology and to make necessary investments and changes to absorb and apply these changes in a productive manner. The development of new-to-the world knowledge can be considered to be innovative which can be a costly learning activity that a country can employ in order to catch up with others through technology absorption. Innovation and technology absorption are two distinct pro cesses, that is, innovation promotes absorptive capacity because the generation of human capital and new ideas, and the associated knowledge spillover effects, help build absorptive capacity. RD is a key input into innovation and is also an input into absorption capacity. Absorption of technology is considered a necessary step to promote the development of human capital and the productive base, paving the way for innovations at the global knowledge frontier. Research and development (RD), patents, trade, and foreign direct investment are major channels of technological absorption, allowing diffusion of new ideas and manufacturing best practices among countries and firms. R D is a key input into innovation and is considered to be a very important key in the absorption of technology (Cohen and Levinthal). Rogers (2003) defines examples of technology absorption as the adoption of new product and manufacturing processes developed in other countries; upgrading of an old product or pr ocess, licensing technology, improving organizational efficiency and achieving quality certification. This paper will discuss how properly designed economic policies can significantly influence the degree to which a country absorbs new technology, that is, it will discuss the pre requisites for technology catch ups. The need for a stable and conducive policy framework and a business-friendly investment climate is what makes the countrys ability to absorb technology and knowledge, and this depends on its organization and the skills of its workforce. Further more the paper will discuss the channels that developing countries can use to catch up with other developed countries through technology absorption such as trade flows, foreign direct investment (FDI), RD and patents. Literature Review The very rich literature on catch-up through technology is full of countries that in the past decades have managed catch up with the developed countries, others that have succeeded ahead and several that have fallen behind in technology and failed to be par with the developed world (Abramovitz, 1986). More research has identified a series of factors that have affected the sources of catch-up. One of the elements is regard to the presence of learning and capabilities in the domestic firms (Bell and Pavitt, 1993, Kim, 1997; 1999, Lall, 2001, Kim and Nelson, 2000, Lee, 2005). Catch-up countries should try to adopt the Schumpeterian view of the process of innovation, according to which economic agents are likely to innovate as a reaction to unexpected changes within the economic environment (Schumpeter, 1947). From the early traditional literature that emphasized how it was possible to close the gap though transfer of technology and the imitation of easily available technology, the lit erature on competences has forcefully moved to show the central role of the process of capability accumulation by domestic firms and the need of various types of capabilities for catch up: absorptive capabilities, innovation capabilities and complementary assets in order to adopt, adapt and modify technologies developed elsewhere or eventually generate new ones. Actually, the most current research has shown that any process of development and growth implies some kind of innovation, and that sequences of steps in the capability building process are necessary for development. The literature has also stressed the role of social capabilities (Abramovitz 1986) and the broad institutions of a country, including the research infrastructure (Mazzoleni and Nelson,2006) and financial institutions (Gerschenkron, 1962). In the catching up in income per capita or productivity public policy has often played a major role in different ways and forms in several countries such as Japan (Johnson,19 82), Korea (Kim 1997), Taiwan (Wade, 1990) and Brazil (Mani, 2004). Also the upgrading of the level of human capital has proven a key element for catching up (Fagerberg and Godinho,2004 and Bernardes and Albuquerque, 2003). The literature further shows how technology in growth is the missing link between the developed and the less developed countries. There is a possibility of a catch-up scenario in the event that less developed countries are able to access and employ developed technology. In other words, less developed countries would grow at a higher rate until at such time that the differences between developed and less developed countries are negligible. This can be shown by the experience of East Asian countries (World Bank, 1993). Catching up is usually assumed to be dependent on the level of human capital and knowledge. Capital is a necessary tool for the economic success in the world today, because the countires need the capacity to mobilize knowledge and to use it to the fullest. A study by the World bank (2009) indicates that countries in the Sub Sahara of Africa (SSA) must harness both more capital and more knowledge. These African countries needs to invest heavily in physical infrastructure and productive capacity. However, maximizing productivity and achieving competitiveness will depend upon success in augmenting human capital and raising its quality. This has been shown by Namibia as it was ranked the second and fifth respectively in terms of technological sophistication and prevalence of foreign technology licensing in the competitiveness report. However, firm level absorption of this technology remains low as the country was ranked 15th. From this case we can learn that the use of technology requires skilled labor force. As earlier pointed out, investment in human capital remains a critical issue for Namibia and other developing countries. The use of technology requires supporting infrastructure such as good telecommunication and energy in particular. (?) Nations such as Australia, Chile, Malaysia, and Spain have responded by developing cross-sectoral policy frameworks to promote science, technology, and innovation. Within Sub-Saharan Africa, Mozambique, Rwanda, and South Africa have led the way with similar cross-cutting strategies. Other SSA countries that have produced national science and technology policies since 2000 include Ethiopia, Ghana, Lesotho, Malawi, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe (Mouton 2008). Better education system can assist the developing countries in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Pre Requisites for technology catch up Technology absorption is often regarded as a pre requisite for breaking up a high cost economy and creating an economic competitive market internationally. The initial gap for countries which are trying to catch up with technology should not be too wide for them to be able to absorb knowledge from technological leaders. Moreover, late comers must have, or create, sufficient absorption capabilities. In this context, sufficient absorption capabilities are described as having qualified researchers who are able to understand external knowledge spillovers and recognize their value in operation. Developing countries need a strong human capital base that will be able to understand the new innovative systems that have been put in place by the advanced countries, hence they need well developed scientific, engineering and technical skills. Cohen and Levinthal (1990 pg .129) suggest that accumulated knowledge increases both the ability to put new ideas into practice. If the stock of knowledge is increased, in general, additional learning will be facilitated. The growth of knowledge adds value to the countrys ability to adapt to new ideas thus becoming fast in catching up with technology. Technological progress depends on more than being exposed to foreign technologies. How fast it spreads within a country is at least as important and depends on the domestic technological absorptive capacity, the quality of technological literacy of the population and the quality of the business climate. Although major centers and leading firms may be relatively advanced, the rural population and the majority of firms do not exploit the best technologies, often because the necessary infrastructure and human competencies are not available. This may lead to some lags in technology catch up for developing countries. Nelson and Rosenberg (2003) explains the importance of the link between science and technology as this is one of the important tools for technology catch up. The technolog ical progress requires the mobilisation, co-ordination and integration of many different types of knowledge, and thus involves different types of knowledge producing organizations like firms, research institutes, and universities. Research organizations should be able to communicate to each other about technology innovations that are occurring within their countries. This will enhance knowledge diffusion. With respect to the co-ordination and integration of knowledge across the research sector, communication or even interaction is needed. This can be accomplished by co-operation, strategic alliances, clusters, and networks, all of which install channels along which knowledge can be communicated. If communication exists within countries, the developing countries may be able to learn this as a good tool for success in technology absorption. Knowledge is no longer the disciplinary monopoly of a few institutions of higher learning; rather, it is becoming the product of problem-solving e ndeavors conducted within a shifting network of often informal professional interactions (Gibbons and others 1994; Gibbons 1998). The technological progress in developing countries is mainly a process of adopting and adapting to pre-existing technologies, hence developing countries perform relatively little when it comes to research. For the developing countries, technological progress mainly occurs through the adoption and adaptation of already existing technologies. The rapid increase in technological achievement owes much too increased linkages between developing and developed countries. Globalization in the form of imports of advanced products, and the transfer of business process technology through foreign investment and increased linkages with emigrant populations have increased the exposure of developing countries to more sophisticated technologies. Technology absorption needs stable and conducive policy framework hence policy makers should ensure that openness is maint ained, they need to concentrate on strengthening domestic competencies, promoting the dissemination of technology and reinforcing the local business environment in order to avoid the constrain on technological progress in developing countries. Patents as indicators of Technology absorption SUMMARY Catching up does not necessarily need to be viewed in a linear and unidirectional way. As long as technology is understood as a cumulative unidirectional process, development will be seen as a race along a fixed track, where catching up will be merely a question of relative speed. Speed is no doubt a relevant aspect, but history is full of examples of how successful overtaking has been primarily based on running in a new direction.xiv Indeed, in new fields such as biotechnology, the developing countries are making efforts to move to the scientific frontiers but they plan to apply the acquired knowledge in developing products that are more relevant to local needs. [T]he larger the technological and, therefore, the productivity gap between the leader and the follower, the stronger the followers potential for growth in productivity; and, other things being equal, the faster one expects the followers growth rate to be. Followers tend to catch up faster if they are initially backward .xv The explanation for this paradoxical suggestion has to do with the level of technology embodied in a countrys capital stock. Developing countries with the relevant human capital base are always presented with new windows of opportunity for entering new technological systems. But doing so requires other skills such as the capacity to monitor international trends, formulate long-term strategies and determine the locational as well as infrastructure advantages of the country. Most African countries, for example, do not have the capacity or the requisite institutional arrangements for monitoring technological advantages. Planning efforts are usually of a short-term nature and therefore unable to accommodate technological requirements for long-term growth. In more recent years, most countries have been forced to adopt short-term planning strategies to enable them to implement macro-economic stabilisation programmes. However, the challenge now is to put in place longterm structural adjustment programmes which are based on industrial transformation. Technological catch-up may also involve the use of advanced technologies to deliver new products and services that do not necessarily compete with those developed in the industrialised countries. Many of the products of biotechnology, for example, may be relevant to certain locales and of little interest to the major firms. Their technological requirements, however, may be just as high as those for the products of the leading firms. The paper has shown that there are three points of entry into the game of technological competition. The first relates to the accumulation of basic technological competence in society. This is related to human capital formation. A country without the requisite technical competence is unlikely to make sustained advances in technological development. The second issue is the ability of a country to make an early entry into a particular technological system. This step can only be achieve d where the first one has been accomplished. The last issue is the potential for a country to occupy particular technological niches as part of a strategy for industrial learning. With the widening range of technological trajectories and systems, the opportunities for the developing adopting any of the three strategies or combinations thereof are relatively high. To achieve improvement of production technology, i.e. technological progress, on a large scale, relatively more scientists and engineers must be engaged in research directly integrated in production of goods and services as opposed to the university and public research sector. Notwithstanding that universities and public research institutes play an important role in developing new products and processes, the majority of research is done by firms (Nelson and Rosenberg (1993)). For new products or processes developed by universities or research and development (RD) institutes, both domestic and foreign, to be implemented i n firms roduction processes, the innovation must be adapted to firms specific organizational structure and production processes. This implies that firms understand the innovation and are able to revise it. Firms will have to do research themselves (Cohen and Levinthal (1989)) and might even have to repeat parts of the original research process, since they have only partial knowledge about the innovation. This has important implications for the organisation of RD personnel: they should be employed in production as well. More RD personnel in production of goods and services will increase the possibilities for absorption and diffusion in this sector. because a weakening economic performance that threatens a return to the economic conditions of the 1990s would be a great human tragedy. But maintaining the current momentum, and accelerating growth wherever possible, requires measures that will substantially enhance economic competitiveness and nurture expansion of new tradable activit ies. To realize these objectives, The key to economic success in a globalized world lies increasingly in how effectively a country can assimilate the available knowledge and build comparative advantage in selected areas with good growth prospects, and in how it can enlarge the comparative advantage by pushing the frontiers of technology through innovation. The global knowledge economy has drawn attention to the value of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“national innovation systems in the competition among nations (Nelson 1993; Porter 1990; Stern, Porter, and Furman 2000; Thurow 1999; World Bank 1999). Institutions that generate skills and knowledge, such as universities and research institutes, are essential components of a national innovation system (NIS). In essence, an NIS is a melding of institutional capacities, coordination mechanisms, communication networks, and policy incentives that fosters innovation-led gains in economic productivity. In this web of institutional relationships, innovation can arise at any point. During the past decade, most African countries have pursued national economic growth strategies within the framework of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs). Until recently, many PRSPs have been oriented toward attainment of the Millennium Development Goals, an internationally accepted set of performance targets spanning poverty alleviation, agriculture, and access to basic services. Concern with explicit growth promotion efforts as the means for sustainable poverty reduction is a relatively recentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ but readily acceptedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ shift of strategic approach (Commission for Africa 2005). Bibliography Nelson, R. and E. Phelps (1966), Investment in humans, technology diffusion and economic growth, American Economic Review 56, 1/2, 69-75. Harding, T. and J. RattsÃÆ' ¸ (2008), Looking abroad to understand productivity growth: the world technology frontier and industrial sector productivity in South Africa, mimeo, Department of Economics, NTNU. Cohen, W.M. and Levinthal, D.A. (1989), Innovation and Learning: The Two Faces of RD,The Economic Journal, 99, pp. S.569-596. Cohen, W.M. and Levinthal, D.A. (1990), Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation in Administrative Science Quarterly, No. 35, pp. 128-152 Nelson, R.R. and Rosenberg, N. (1993), Technical Innovation and National Systems, in Nelson, R.R. (ed.), National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Study, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 3-21 Nelson, R.R. and Winter, S.G. (1982), An Evolutionary Theory for Economic Change, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. Calestous Juma and Norman Clark; Technological Catch-Up: Opportunities and Challenges for Developing Countries, 2002, London , Print Publishers Hiroyuki Oba and Hrushikash Panda; Industrial developmeny and Technology absorption in the Indian Steel Industry, 2005, allied Publisher, New Delhi The World Bank, 2009, Accelerating catch-up, Tertiary Education for Growth in Sub Saharan Africa, Washington D.C J.Ratlso, Puzzles of Convergence and Catching Up;Regional Income growth in Norway, Department of economics , Norwegian university of Science and Technology

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain - 952 Words

Many people go through many lengths to free from something and to gain their freedom. Sometimes physical objects can resemble the feelings that a person is feeling. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn he uses the raft, the land, and the river to represent the theme of wanting freedom. In the novel The adventures of Huckleberry Finn there is a theme of wanting freedom, as the story goes on the raft can be a symbol of the theme. The first time that Huck goes aways is right before Pap comes home, this is Huck first chance of freedom because he uses the canoe. Also mid-way through the novel Jim and Huck finally find a raft that was floating down the stream so, they now have the freedom to leave the island and go where they need to go. Since they now have the raft they have the freedom to get food and supplies that may be in the water, that they could not get before. In the novel there is a theme of wanting freedom and the novel reveals the land to be a symbol of the th eme.When the steam boat runs over the raft and splits Jim and Huck up, Huck grabs a piece of wood and paddles to land, since that the land was there Huck was free to go. Huck finds a house that he can stay at because of the land. Because of the land Huck and Jim go to a ladys house to figure out what the town knows about the so called murder and runaway slave. Also, in the novel the Mississippi river reveals the theme of the novel, wanting freedom. The first time that Huck and Jim have the chance toShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. 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Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. 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The novelRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to s ay just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the story

Drink Raw Milk Free Essays

Drink Raw Milk Having spent the majority of my life on a dairy farm, I have had the privilege of enjoying fresh, clean, delicious raw milk. There is nothing like it! I would be willing to wager that very few have ever experienced the enjoyment of sipping a tall, ice-cold, creamy â€Å"straight from the farm† glass of milk. There is nothing in the world that compares with the overall taste, the nutritional content, and the health benefits found in raw milk. We will write a custom essay sample on Drink Raw Milk or any similar topic only for you Order Now Raw milk should be an option for everyone to consume. There are warnings and new research advising consumers to avoid raw milk and raw milk products. Indeed, I was surprised to read Nelson (2010) that, â€Å"Raw milk stands alone as the only food that has ever been outlawed, and its advocates point out that it took a constitutional amendment to ban alcohol,† (p. 3). Nonetheless, the movement seems to be gaining in popularity. The Oake Knoll Ayrshire farm in Foxborough, Massachusetts owned by the Lawton family is a perfect example of the momentum that the raw milk movement has gained. â€Å"Lawton figures that she has 200 weekly customers, versus just a handful two years ago,† (Gumpert, 2008). With the â€Å"organic† fresh products movement and the increased accessibility to farmer’s markets, consumers have become more aware of these alternatives. According to the president of the Weston A. Price Foundation, a foundation that stands strongly behind the raw milk movement, an estimated half a million Americans or more are consuming raw milk. There are many issues surrounding the raw milk versus pasteurized milk debate, but at this time I want to focus on the issue of choice. The taste of raw milk is the first thing I think of every time I drink pasteurized milk. There are drastic differences in taste, sweetness, and texture. Raw milk is mild, creamy, and even sweeter than pasteurized milk. â€Å"Fresh milk has a delicate flavour contributed by compounds of low molecular weight in trace amounts. Heat treatment affects the flavour of milk and produces detectable off-flavours,† (Aboshama, 1977). Many raw milk consumers testify that one of the main reasons they drink raw milk is for the flavor and creamy texture. In a New York Times article, several raw milk drinkers’ sentiments are voiced about the taste of raw milk: â€Å"richness and density,† â€Å"complexity of flavor,† and â€Å"we trust the traditional food chain [flavor] more,† (Drape, 2007). The best tasting milk is going to come from cows that are pasture-fed. There is a direct relationship between what the animal eats and the taste and nutritional value of the milk. â€Å"Products from pasture-raised animals are healthier [tastier] for you to eat than those from grain-fed animals for many reasons. Animals get more readily available nutrients from fresh pasture plants than from grains, so their products contain more vitamin E, beta carotene, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and omega-3 fatty acids,† (Schivera, 2003). This pasture-fed cow’s milk is the high quality raw milk that so many people are seeking out and defending. This high standard of milk resembles that of which most Americans once lived on, when either everyone owned a cow or knew someone who did. Research done by Levieux (1980) explains that two types of protein exist in milk; they are casein and whey. Unlike casein, whey protein is deconstructed during pasteurization (p. 93). These proteins play an important role in the absorption of vitamins and minerals. Colman, Hettiararchychy, and Herbert (1981) reported that many vitamins and minerals are attracted to these proteins and potentially bind to them. This bond can facilitate their absorption by the digestive system. Pasteurization destroys the ability of certain proteins in milk to bind the important vitamin folate and hence help its absorption (p. 1426). The components of raw milk that are thought to be most affected by the pasteurization process are the water soluble vitamins and the proteins. According to research completed by Rolls (1973), there is approximately a 10% loss of vitamins BI, B6, B12 and folate and a 25% loss of vitamin C (p. 10). Ultimately, raw milk provides the consumer with more available vitamins and minerals than pasteurized milk. The following chart compares the nutritional values of raw milk and pasteurized milk and clearly shows raw milk offers far more benefits than pasteurized milk. NUTRITIVE VALUE OF RAW MILK Vs. PASTEURIZED MILK (Chart) Category ComparedRaw MilkPasteurized Milk 1) Enzymes:All available. Less than 10% remaining. 2) Protein:100% available, all 22 amino acids, including 8 that are essential. Protein-lysine and tyrosine are altered by heat with serious loss of metabolic availability. This results in making the whole protein complex less available for tissue repair and rebuilding. ) Fats: (research studies indicate that fats are necessary to metabolize protein and calcium. All natural protein-bearing foods contain fats. )All 18 fatty acids metabolically available, both saturated and unsaturated fats. Altered by heat, especially the 10 essential unsaturated fats. 4) Vitamins:All 100% available. Among the fat-soluble vitamins, some are classed as unstable and therefore a loss is caused by heat ing above blood temperature. This loss of Vitamin A, D, E and F can run as high as 66%. Vitamin C loss usually exceeds 50%. Losses on water-soluble vitamins are affected by heat and can run from 38% to 80%. ) Carbohydrates:Easily utilized in metabolism. Still associated naturally with elements. Tests indicate that heat has made some changes making elements less available metabolically. 6) Minerals:All 100% metabolically available. Major mineral components are calcium, chlorine, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and sulphur. Vital trace minerals, all 24 or more, 100% available. Calcium is altered by heat and loss in metabolism may run 50% or more, depending on pasteurization temperature. Losses in other essential minerals, because one mineral usually acts synergistically with another element. There is a loss of enzymes that serve as leaders in assimilation minerals. NOTE:Bacterial growth in Raw Milk increases very slowly, because of the friendly acid-forming bacteria (nature’s antiseptic) retards the growth of invading organisms (bacteria). Usually keeps for several weeks when under refrigeration and will sour instead of rot. Pasteurization refers to the process of heating every particle of milk to at least 145 F. and holding at such temperature for at least 15 seconds. Pasteurizing does not remove dirt, or bacterially-produced toxins from milk. Bacterial growth will be geometrically rapid after pasteurization and homogenization. Gradually turns rancid in a few days, and then decomposes. Note. The above chart on nutritive values was cited from â€Å"Report In Favor Of Raw Milk: Expert Report and Recommendations,† by A. Vonderplanitz and W. C. Douglass, 2001, Retrieved from http://docs. google. com Raw milk offers many health benefits which include physical, digestive, and even cognitive health. Perkin (2007) reference cites one of his earlier studies Perkin (2006) that, â€Å"Found protective effects of unpasteurized consumption on current eczema and seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms,† (p. 627). This research has been supported by others such as Waser (2007) who questioned why most farming children seem not to suffer from these ailments. There are many examples of research that show raw milk’s health advantages. Nelson (2010) identifies published studies that find evidence for the following health benefits: Childhood consumption of raw milk resulted in significant reductions in the development of asthma, eczema, and hay fever (in Nelson 2010, p. 6). Consumption of â€Å"farm milk† showed a significant inverse relationship to asthma and allergies in a study of nearly 15,000 European children (in Nelson 2010, p. ). Although the follow studies are dated and have been continually dismissed by popular science, this research shows a correlation between early childhood consumption of raw milk and the absence of certain childhood ailments. Children who drank raw milk were less likely to develop cavities and higher resistance to tuberculosis (in Nelson 2010, p. 6). Raw milk prevented scurvy and protected against flu, diphtheria and pneumonia (in Nelson 2010, p. 6). I find it ironic that we currently immunize children (and some adults) for several of the above diseases. It makes me wonder whether the consumption of raw milk (or the lack of) has played a significant role in the necessity for these immunizations. Milk in it’s cleanest, rawest form offers the most health benefits to the consumer. The controversy surrounding the legality of raw milk continues to rage on, although the focus should be to eliminate the production of â€Å"dirty† milk. I recall from my time on my parents’ dairy farm that as long as the bacteria count remains below 100,000 per ml, organisms if present, cannot represent significant health hazard. Nelson (2010) confirms that not only does state regulators require a bacterial count of 100,000 per ml for milk slated to be pasteurized, they require the bacteria count of Grade A Raw milk to remain under 30,000 per ml (p. 5). The solution to the raw milk debate is in the creation of a universal standard for all milk, not in the banning of unpasteurized milk. The pasteurization process continues to be of great value for mass produced milk, where animals are kept in confined spaces and reated with antibiotics and hormones, but there is no reason to deny the consumer the enjoyment of high quality unpasteurized milk. The purpose of this essay is to provide you, the reader, an explanation of the benefits of raw milk. Even though these benefits exist, many people have never tried raw milk because it continues to be illegal in many states. Drape (2007) reports that while human consumption of raw milk is illegal in fifteen states, there are 26 states that raw milk can be bought in with cer tain restrictions. In my opinion, this is possibly information that many of you have been denied because many health officials (pressured by politics and large corporations) fear that unpasteurized milk is unsafe. The evidence I have presented, illustrates that untreated milk tastes better, has a higher nutritional value, and offers health benefits above and beyond pasteurized milk. At the very least it has a better flavor, with none of the damage caused by the pasteurization process. I challenge everyone to find a local dairy farmer who produces clean, raw milk and enjoy a glass. How to cite Drink Raw Milk, Papers

Fences Baseball free essay sample

Troy being a former assessable player holds resentment towards the world and becomes bitter over the years. He has experienced injustice for many years and this has had a toll on him. Troy has the power to future to look at the situation differently but falls into the victim roll. Foreshadowing from the first scene of the play Troys has arrogance toward death leads to his death in the last scene with a baseball bat in his hand. The play is based around Troys love for baseball and how characters compare it to life situations. Death mint nothing but a fastball on the outside corner(l . . 82). Troy engine his life as a baseball game compares a fastball to death. During Troys life he encounters an experience that supposedly brings him close to death. This may not actually be the case due to Troys practice at telling stories, but its importance is from the idea of a perfect pitch. Troys sees this perfect pitch as a homerun, showing the reader that Troy likes to bring drama to any situation. Troy being a former baseball player reverts to old ways when he was playing, he never made it to the big leagues and holds resentment.By never growing from his baseball years, he approaches every situation as if he s in a game. Troy introduces his tale early in the play giving the reader a chance to understand his character. You got to take the crooked with the straights. Thats what Papa used to Lyons makes this remark to Corny, the son of Troy at the play in Act 2. This is significant because this is Lyons can finally understand and relate to Troy. Lyons has a metal plate in his head and has disabilities which cause him to make poor dictions and go to jail numerous times.Troy kept paying of the judge to get him out of jail and there was a part in the play where he remarks eying that he didnt care what happening to Lyons. Being his brother Troy and Lyons have tensions in their relationship and this when Lyons makes an important connection to Troy. By being able to see that they were both very similar in their life dictions which connect them. Though this is a sad moment in their relationship, Lyons sees that they have never accomplished their dreams. Interpret the quote meaning that even though there are good times and bad ones, one must take them both. Live you cannot experience happiness without struggle because then there wouldnt be any separation teens the two. By being able to distinguish the two one can become a better person because we can learn to deal with it better. Were not talking about baseball! Were talking about you going off to lay in bed with another woman Main t talking about no 21 ). Rose finds out Troys affair with Alberta and becomes upset with Troys response to her. Troy doesnt see cheating on Rose as a problem and only sees what he is doing as a game. The problem is that he isnt playing in a baseball game anymore and he is affecting his family.Troys waists his eighteen years with a Oman he has loved, only to get Alberta pregnant and she dies due to complications during the pregnancy. Troy feels no regret and sees Alberta as an accomplishment because he was able to steal 18) while he was still married. While his wife Rose sees it as being selfish and not thinking of her or her feelings during his affair. They got lots of colored boys playing ball now. Baseball and football(l . 1. 76-1. 1. 77). In the beginning of the novel the Troys wife, Rose and best friend, Bono and trying to convince that times have changed sense he played baseball.Their son Corny is trying to get recruited for football and Troy soonest believe he will be able to make a living to support himself being a black football player. This causes friction and tension between the couple because of their mixed views. Troy cannot get over his personal problems and drags him to his relationship with Corny. Instead of being supportive of his child, but pretends to be concerned, only being selfish from his experiences. Troy hates the thought of his children doing better than he ever did, being suppressed by the time he is in poverty.Corny resents him because Troy was in jail and was not there for his childhood, as a result Corny does not feel as Hough his father should have a say in his life. You [Corny] swung and you [Corny] missed. Thats strike one. Dont you strike out! (2. 4. 58). Corny does not believe that he did anything wrong by quitting his job and as a result of a football career. Troy believes that Corny will also be cheated and segregated from the whites. Only because Troy is being stubborn and this is his perception of what will happen to Corny. Troy doesnt know how to describe his feelings and he uses a baseball reference to release his anger.The problem is that he still holds on this anger which is self seductive. Then Corny strikes out two times by protecting his mother. Troy refuses anything that is not his own opinion because of his own rejection from his opportunities turned down by baseball. If you going down You going down swinging ( 69). Troy tries to explain his life and diction making. This quotation shows how Troy is trying to justify his actions to Rose. He cannot get through to her using his baseball innuendos to make his actions seem less serious. Troy needs to look at Rose and apology for what he has done, but Troy sees his actions as laughable.He cannot take hat he has done serious because he has hit a home run. This is his way of making up for the past this is his own reason to keep her in his life because she is a distraction from his life. He replaces baseball with Alberta, in the sense he feels safe when he is with her and creates a relationship based on hitting a home run. Putting his runs on the board is how he looks at winning in life instead taking a step away from his delusional life with Alberta. They got a lot of colored baseball players now. Jackie Robinson was the first. Folks had to wait for Jackie Robinson (10).Troy blaming another person or his failure, he is not capable of taking responsibility for his own problems. Thinking till the day of his death Troy was robbed of a life he could have died he cannot get over the fact that he will never get that life back. Jackie Robinson is his scapegoat and wants to give the credit of being the first black baseball player, but his jealously takes him over. He talks about how Jackie wasnt even a good ball player instead of looking why the major leagues picked him to the first man. It was because of Jackasss strength and hitting record that one man when out on a whim and took him in.

Shikata Ga-Nai; It Cant Be Helped Essays - , Term Papers

Shikata Ga-Nai; It Can't Be Helped Shikata Ga-nai; It Can't Be Helped Welcome to August 6, 1945. In a final attempt to end World War II, the United States of America drops the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, a major industrial and military center. Temperatures are more sweltering than the surface of the sun. Light is resplendent. Air is thick and heavy with an enveloping radiation. John Hershey informs us of the experiences of six people that survived the planets first nuclear explosion in Hiroshima. Hiroshima begins by characterizing the situations of the six individuals just before and at the moment of the explosion that changed history. The book first introduces Miss Toshiko Sasaki, a personnel clerk in the East Asia Tin works, who had just turned to chat with her friend during a rest from work. Next, Dr. Masakazu Fujii, a doctor at a private hospital, was introduced as relaxing on his clinics porch and reading the daily newspaper, a stones throw away from a calm river. At the same time, Mrs. Hatsuyo Nakamura was watching her next door neighbor, who was making way for a larger fire escape route, through her kitchen window. Fr. Wilhelm Kleinsorge, a German priest, was lying on a couch in his room reading a magazine, corresponding with the actions of Dr. Terufumi Sasaki, a surgeon who was walking down a hospital corridor carrying blood specimens. Finally, Rev. Mr. Kiyoshi Tanimoto, the pastor of the Hiroshima Methodist Church, was in the process of tiredly moving the belongings of his house of worship. Unbeknownst to these innocent civilians as they were carrying out their daily tasks, a plane called the Enola Gay silently passed unnoticed overhead and quietly dropped the worlds deadliest bomb that altered the future. A noiseless flash of light was the only warning they received, a split-second which gave them just enough time to turn their heads. The bomb detonated at ground zero, and in seconds, hell unlike any other kind unraveled. Miss Sasaki was knocked unconscious when her bookcase, due to the impact of the blast, trampled her to the ground. She lay trapped, as the bookcase had fallen on and crushed her leg, leaving her crippled. In the years to follow, she learns to overcome this disability and enters a house of Catholic nuns. She spends a great deal of her life aiding orphaned children. Dr. Fujii was thrown like a rag doll into the nearby river, surviving with only two pieces of wood holding his head above water level. Although he later centers thi ngs on himself, he is not completely unsympathetic to those around him. His once erect hospital stood in ruins, but he eventually recovered both his health and fortune, continuing to live comfortably as a doctor. Mrs. Nakamura was trapped under the debris of her household items, virtually scratchless. She at once began searching for her daughter, the youngest of three, whose screams she heard audibly. No signs are given that her other two children, a son and a daughter, are alive, but she finds them amongst the rubble. She suffers mildly from the effects of the radiation, but is constant in helping others even through the worst, leaving her four decades later a still-active citizen. Father Wilhelm Kleinsorge fell to the ground, thinking the bomb had fallen directly on him, ending up dazed and in his vegetable garden. His immediate actions are to help the wounded, though he has no realization of what actually occurred. He incurs only small cuts in the blast, but suffers devitalizing effects of the radiation. After several more years, he seeks Japanese citizenship and adopts the Japanese name of Fr. Makoto Takakura. Dr. Sasaki, bent at time of impact, was not hurt. In fact, he remained the only uninjured doctor in the hospital. He went long periods of time without sleep, and without his own glasses, in order to give ample attention to the bombardment of injured fleeing to his hospital. He treats thousands of victims and eventually starts his own clinic outside of Hiroshima, where he prospers greatly. Largely unhurt, Rev. Mr. Kiyoshi assumed a bomb had fallen on the house immediately next to him, for pieces of that house showered on him. He

buy custom Googles Business Strategy essay

buy custom Google's Business Strategy essay Google is one of the largest search engine owned by the corporation Google Inc. According to the recent statistic, Google takes the 1st place among the internet users. It handles 41 billion 345 million queries per month. Thus, its market share is 62.4%. In addition, it indexes more than 25 billion web pages, where the information can be found on 191 languages of the world. Competition in Search Industry Even being one of the largest search system, Google has a lot of competitors. The searching industry is very attractive for several reasons. Firstly, more and more people are using internet today, this allows the companies to have the constant flow of customers. Secondly, the advertisement system uses the internet as the source of influence, thus the searching systems gain a lot of profit from them. Thirdly, searching industry is based on the information, and who owns the information, those controls the world. There are five main Google competitors: Yahoo, Bauidu, Bing, Yandex, Naver. Yahoo had appeared before Google. Its main users were located in the US. However, today the popularity of this searching system is decreasing. According to the Cosmore statistic, its worlds searching share was 7.8% in the 2009 year. At the same time, in the US this number was 16.8% and it continues to fall. Nevertheless, the position of Yahoo is still very strong in the Southeast Asia. In Japan (45% of total searching share), Taiwan (65% of total searching share) and Hongkong (59% of total searching share) the company is the market leader. However, soon the situation can be changed, due to Chinese Google search. As a result of Google`s exit from Chinese searching system in 2009, another Google`s competitor became Bauidu. When Google announced about the forthcoming departure, the Bauidu`s shares jumped to 47%. Another searching system Bing had 2.9% of the world`s share in 2009 year (Brodklyn, 2011).It is the searching system that was introduced by Microsoft Company. In January-February 2010, the share, launched a year ago company Bing, in the U.S. market grew by 0.2%, however now it is 11.5%. In addition, Microsoft soon will be effectively disposing Yahoo (Pigdon, 2010). This will influence the current internet searching industry a lot. Yandex is the internet searching system that had 1.1% of the world`s searching shares in the 2009 year, however, it was growing very rapidly. Thus, by the summer 2009, Yandex has got the 7th place in the list of the maor search engines. Since summer 2009, its level of developing has been increasing every year per 94%. The last Googles competitor is Naver with its searching share 1.3% in the 2009 year. It is used in the South Korea and has the rapid growth, however is far ahead Google. Search Industry Changing`s With the development of the new technologies and improving the searching industry, lots of changes have appeared. Firstly, the number of users has increased. Searching industry is the source of information, that is why its necessity is rising. Secondly, more sources in different formants are introduced. For example, Google Company have gained much customers because it supports searching of the documents in PDF, RTF, PostScript, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint and other formats. Thirdly, the searching companies try to create new possibilities in the searching systems. Thus, in some searching system the information is divided into subjects that, the system allows to find the information among already found and others. It is hard to imagine what changes are going to be in the future, because the variety of services is increasing every day. However, the main key to success in searching industry is the available information. It doesn`t matter how many services would be provided if there is no the needed information. That is why; the searching companies are working on increasing the amount of information in their systems. Google`s Business Model Google Search is just the way it is, thanks to one of the Google`s principle: to focus on the user and the rest will follow. Google has never done something that may interfere its customers, in order to increase its profits. Its interface is simple and straightforward, it does not trade places in the rankings. In addition, the search is very fast and the pages load instantly. Enough is to enter one or more search terms into the search box and press Enter or click the Search in Google. In response, Google displays the results page: list of Web pages related to your search terms. Analysts have different opinions about the Google`s strategies. However, there is one aspect on which all the experts are unanimous. Despite all efforts of competing companies, Google takes a leading position in online advertising. Google's strategy is simple: its experts try to put online advertising wherever it possible. This brings huge profit for the company. What is more, Google has many strategic actions. One of them was the introduction of the new service Map. Google's new free feature influenced on the shares manufacturers of GPS-navigators like a hurricane: Garmin shares fell to 16%, TomTom to 21%. According to the statistics, during last year Google profit increased to 18% and jumped in revenue to 28% (The Wall Street Journal, 2011). The Wall Street Journal gives the following numbers: In terms of costs, Google's operating expenses in the quarter were $2.84 billion, up from $1.84 billion a year ago. Google`s business Strategies As it is shown from the recent statistics, Google`s strategies are proven to be successful, however are not perfect. They bring much profit and new customers. What is more, the investors should really be impressed of the rapid growth of Google`s popularity and influence in the searching industry. In order to judge about the success of the implemented strategies, three main searching companies should be compared: Google, Yahoo and Microsoft. As it was already mentioned, the main strategies, that bring the profit, are orientated on the advertisements. According to eMarketer forecast, this year, the leader, in terms of revenue from display banner ads, is Facebook. Its net income has exceeded to $ 2 billion. On the second place is Yahoo with revenue of $ 1.62 billion, in the third - Google with revenue of $ 1.15 billion and in the fourth - Microsoft, with revenue of $ 602 million. As a result, Facebook will take 16.3% of the market banner advertising, Yahoo - 13,1%, Google - 9,3% and Microsoft 4% (Brodklyn, 2011). To conclude, in general Google strategies are successful, however Yahoo searching company is little bit ahead Google in banner advertisement. Recommendations In order to keep the level of development, Google needs to have the constant flow of new and the loyalty of the old customers. This can be reached by several steps: - pages should be targeted primarily at users, not search engines; - pages must be unique and relevant (very important point for successful website promotion); - the usage of hidden text and links should be avoided; - the new techniques and technologies should be developing and implying; - advertisements should not been irritating; - more information should be available. Buy custom Google's Business Strategy essay

Negative Effects of Low Family Income on Children Research Paper

Negative Effects of Low Family Income on Children - Research Paper Example According to Rachel et al 92010) â€Å"The economy demanded higher skills, yet urban schools were failing to educate children of poor people† (Rachel et al p.4). Urban schools are operating for the children of rich people. It is almost impossible for children from poor families to get quality education from urban schools. It should be noted that manpower shortage is one of the major problems in countries like America, Britain, Germany etc. However, government instead of encouraging public schools, trying to reduce the funds for public schools and therefore poor children suffer a lot. Low income parents often work hard to earn more and to provide their children better living conditions. However, overtime work of parents often affects the children in other ways. Rachel et al rightly pointed out that â€Å"More works means less time with children† (Rachel et al, p.8). In other words, parents may not get enough time to spend with their children in low income families becaus e of their overtime works. Children during their developmental stage, require the love and care of their parents more than anything else.

Health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Health care - Essay Example The caregivers were even in favor of such services because they needed counseling services due to the every day stress they were experiencing and this stress was ruining their work and personal life balance. According to a research conducted by Roberts and others, people who are near to death, stay at home and prepare to die and need the support of caregivers such as health care professionals and family members to live the remaining days of their life in peace (Roberts 2007). With the assistance of telecommunication, assistance can be provided to such patients as healthcare settings can not remain available 24/7. Those who are terminally ill can not move themselves and require immediate attention when they suffer different kinds of health issues. Availability of tele hospice services will assist such patients as they will be able to obtain advice and treatment for their issues over a simple phone call. Several patients suffer from loneliness and anxiety in their every day life, these disorders are mostly found in those individuals who do not have support and who do not have someone to talk to. It is not easy for patients to reach hospitals all the time when they need support and assistance from care givers. The health care professionals even need assistance and counseling because of the traumatic events they experience in their every day life. Tele hospice services can help solve all these issues. Due to availability of hospice services through the telecommunication, patients who do not need to attend health care settings can easily obtain support and counseling services over phone calls. On the other end, a special line for health care professionals can help them release their stress and obtain advice when they suffer from heavy stress due to their everyday work. The health care settings experience the problem of limited staff availability due to which they can not attend all pat ients and those patients who do not need to

Feminine Identity and the Corset: A History

Feminine Identity and the Corset: A History Concepts of feminine identity have changed drastically throughout history. Ancient sculpture reveals that beauty was considered to be a woman who was greatly obese, perhaps because of its connotations of a woman well-fed in a world where that was a difficult achievement. The ancient Greeks valued a more muscular figure in their artwork of the feminine ideal, yet these figures still retained a soft roundness. In modern times, the feminine ideal has shifted to something closer to the skeletal. As this transition occurred, fashion has played a significant role in shaping the female identity. The durability and versatility of the corset as a defining garment is almost as astonishing as its continuing appeal. Even after it lost its widespread popularity, the continued use of the corset in Hollywood depictions of the feminine preserved its use, established its historic connotations and illustrated how it symbolized something larger than itself. Contemporary fashion has given the corset a n ew lease on life as women continue to turn to this garment as a means of identification within the modern world. Although the corset has traditionally been viewed as a symbol of female submission, any intrinsic meaning is subject to wide interpretation. What the immediate meaning usually comes from is available imagery, past or present, the suggestive pictures that have pervaded public consciousness and are loaded with shared associations (Hollander, 1995: 26). The tight-lacing of the 17th and 18th centuries indicate the degree to which the corset was considered a means of female sexual expression and define ideas of female beauty. Understanding how the corset has been used in Hollywood, revitalized in cult fashions and re-introduced in high fashion illustrates how it can operate to convey female submission and aggressive sexuality depending upon the internal and external factors at play in its design and use within modern fashion. Hollywoods Creation Hollywood and the big name movie producers have employed the corset in any number of ways from the beginning of the industry. The corset was already used in everyday dress when Hollywood emerged and it was already a strategic garment in Vaudeville and Broadway. Even then, women craved the fashions they saw on stage depending upon the persona of the actress and the intentions of the wearer. Broadway and Vaudeville star Anna Held is the first great example of the corset as a defining garment of the female character. Most of her fame was not attributed to her singing voice, but rather to her rolling eyes, eighteen inch waist and naughty songs (Kenrick, 2004). As is shown in Figure 1, Held continued the practice of tight-lacing in order to portray an enticing, sexually appealing woman with a tiny waist and accented upper features. Through these types of costumes in combination with her activities, Held demonstrated a life of independence and success while remaining sexy and appealing to the opposite sex. Author Eve Golden was quoted saying Held was everything that was glamorous about Broadway, everything that was naughty about Paris (Van Degans, 2006). Mae West achieved similar associations in notoriety and accomplishments. As early as age 14, West was being hailed as The Baby Vamp (Mae West Biography, 2004). Like Held, she became famous because of her quick wit and brazen sexuality. In 1926, Mae wrote, produced and directed the Broadway show Sex, which led her to be arrested for obscenity (Mae West, 2004). She was so controversial that new censorship codes were put in place in 1934 specifically to address her writing, but this didnt keep her from filling her lines with outrageous innuendo and double entendres. Her first film role was supporting George Raft in Night After Night (1932), in which Raft said she stole everything but the cameras. The first film to star West, She Done Him Wrong (1933), the film version of Diamond Lil, broke box-office records and saved Paramount from selling out to MGM (Mae West, 2004). Although West continued to emphasize the hourglass figure, she rejected the wasp-waist and tight-lacing of Held. Instea d, as is shown in Figure 2, West presented a narrow yet proportionately-sized waist. Women wishing to appear independent and sexual began including the corset to heighten and claim their sexuality. Although many stars who appeared in corsets as a part of their outer costume, such as Mae West and Anna Held, retained doubtful reputations as wild, free and sexual women, the corset was also used by good girls. In the 1950 film Two Weeks with Love, Jane Powell, the girl-next-door, deepened her image with the part of Patti Robinson, a 17-year-old vying for the love of a charming Latin man. A main point in the plot refers to the vital role of the corset as a means of defining a woman, something no real femme fatale of the time would be without (Two Weeks with Love, 1950). This good girls struggles to acquire a corset helped to blur the boundaries between the appealingly feminine good girl and the aggressively sexual bad girl. Throughout Hollywoods progression, women were often seen using corsets as a means of obtaining the ideal female figure despite changing fashions. Thus, Hollywood allowed the garment to shape and redefine the figures of thousands of American women through the gene rations. Examples include the hourglass figures of Debbie Reynolds in How the West Was Won and Marilyn Monroe in River of No Return, the cinch waist shown in The Glass Slipper on Leslie Caron and the straight-line figure of Betty Grable. Each of these images gives women something they can identify with that would encourage their use of the corset to express some aspect of their sexuality. Debbie Reynolds is sweetly sassy with the traditional hourglass figure. Marilyn Monroe disrobes for the camera to casually reveal her stunning shape. Leslie Carons super slim waist is emphasized by the attention of the actors while Betty Grables curves are made more alluring by the control maintained in the World War II poster. In each case, the use of the corset emphasizes rather than negates the sexual appeal of the women and provides her with an aura of power. Throughout these depictions and regardless of the finished shape, the corset was essential to full expression of true femininity. Without it, the female was somehow less than a woman as she lacked any sexual identity. The corsets continued use as a symbol of female empowerment in Hollywood ensured its continued use in society. Corsets Return in Cult Fashion Modern fashions use of the corset began with the Gothic fashions of the late 20th century although it can be found in other styles as well. Fashion designers working within smaller cult groups incorporated it as a feature element of everyday outerwear. Again, it is typically used to heighten a womans sex appeal, but the forms of interpretation can vary widely based upon the vision of the designer and the intention of the wearer. One such designer is Vivienne Westwood, who worked in the rock and roll movement of the 1960s and 1970s in Britain. Her fashions reflect the sexual freedom of female expression found in the womens movements of the time. She felt the repression and conservatism of Britain were in opposition to the freedom and liberation being expressed in America. She rebelled against these attitudes in the aggressive, outspoken nature of the clothing she designed. Westwood discovered that there was a dramatic potential in the clothes themselves that could be heightened: laden with associations, biker gear links sexuality, violence and death, in a twentieth century archetype (Savage, 2001: 21). She built on these ideas by adding metal studs, chicken bones, chains, zippers and other things to her designs. This made her the mother of the punk rock fashions (Savage, 2001: 21). Many of these designs included the corset as a fetish object, made in leather, vinyl or other materials (see Figure 7) to denote a dominatrix-type image. This gave the garment connotations of power and control. The jewel-like elements on the corset featured in Figure 7 also provides a strong element of decadence and wealth. Westwood then took the corset in a new direction as she defined the romantic pirate movement and the savages movement of asymmetrical skirts and ripped layers. Her corsets took on softer fabrics, but did not reduce the sense of power and control associated with the earlier designs. The sensuous images used in the Aphrodite and Adonis corset epitomizes the type of soft, yet blatant, sexuality the corset has come to represent. Westwoods reworking of the corset for outerwear has become one of her most recognizable trademarks. Romantic and historically accurate, the corsets are also surprisingly practical. Stretch fabrics allow ease of movement, and removable sleeves convert a daytime garment to evening wear. Once a symbol of constraint, corsets are now an expression of female sexuality and empowerment (Vivienne Westwood, 2004). Westwoods brilliance is in finding a means of melding the blatant sexuality of the corset-as-outer-garment crowd with the soft femininity of the corset-as-undergarment crowd. Madonnas now legendary conical bra, created by Jean Paul Gaultier and worn throughout her Blonde Ambition tour nearly ten years later, would never have happened if it hadnt been for Westwood playing with the concept of underwear as outerwear some time before him (Frankel, 2001: 52). Westwood recognized the attraction to this style was the inherent empowerment afforded the wearer. There is always a sense of dange r just under the surface of her designs, as is somewhat apparent in the example pictured in Figure 9. The Corset in High Fashion From its appearance in cult fashions, the corset has also been accepted back into high society as a symbol of status and taste. The corset had many positive connotations of social status, self-discipline, artistry, respectability, beauty, youth and erotic allure (Steele, 2001: 1). These concepts have been re-introduced to the corset as fashion designers increasingly recognize its appeal as an undergarment to women seeking psychological empowerment as well as an outer garment to highlight and reclaim sexual expression. Even when the full corset is not used, many designs mimic the hourglass shape in the cut of a jacket, the lacing on the back of a shirt or the boning of an evening gown. The corset captured the dichotomy between artifice and restraint and reflected the highly ornamental status given to the female body (Keenan, 2001: 171). However, the primary purpose of these elements continues to focus on providing the wearer with a sense of sexual power. Following Vivienne Westwood, haute couture designer Jean Paul Gaultier realized the corsets connotations of feminine power. The corset My first trademark piece. At the beginning of the 20th century, women considered corsets anti-freedom, but when I put them on the runway in the early 1980s, it was to express the power of femininity. It was supposed to be hidden, but making it apparent made people rediscover it. I love the fact that a woman or man wearing one feels strong and powerful (Davis et al, 2006: 43). His corset dress designs are based on the idea of the corset with many designs incorporating boning, support and tabs, but his favorite feature seems to be the lacing which adds a touch of the romantic and the sexual as is highlighted in Figures 10 and 11. Whether through the Paris runway or the cult sectors, the corset has entered mainstream fashion thanks to the creativity of designers, the versatility of new fabrics and techniques and the desire of women to construct an identity in keeping with the pressures of the modern era. Designers such as Stella McCartney have modified the corset dress to make it extremely wearable. The dress pictured in Figure 12 could be worn to an evening event as easily as an afternoon lunch. Designers have begun using elements of the corset in ever-more casual designs. In addition to the feminizing aspects of the fabrics and patterns selected for these pieces of clothing, the slimming features of the corset combined with its breast enhancing abilities are at the heart of this popularity. Psychologically, the popularity of the corset can be explained by its strong connotation. The corset, still being a historical garment, probably gives the wearer the feeling of timelessness and freedom felt when wearing fancy dress. It lets her adopt a role, a character, maybe a powerful seductress, which is not allowed during daily life (All Tied Up, 2006). By wearing a corset-inspired top, a modern-day woman gains the ability of expressing her femininity, exploring her sexuality, imbuing herself with a feeling of confidence and power and showing off her figure in its best light. Conclusion The Corset-Defined Identity Throughout its long history, the corset has been a significant player in the shaping of female clothing and female identity. Whether used by outrageous female actresses pushing the bounds of female sexual expression such as Mae West or Anna Held or incorporated into films by directors to illustrate a specific point, the corset remained a significant symbol of female identity throughout most of Hollywoods history from the vamp to the alluring ideal feminine. Moving into the 21st century, the corset has not phased out of production or usage. With designers such as Vivienne Westwood redefining both the function and the message of the corset, as well as revolutionizing the fabrics, materials and comfort level of these garments, the corset has seen a comeback into modern clothing. By bringing the corset into the open, Westwood also brought the subject of female sexuality more into the open, encouraging discussion and display. Her powerful designs and innovative fabrics served to highligh t the concept that the feminine could be powerful as well as shapely even while comfort remained a concern. The corset was then morphed into other styles of clothing for a variety of purposes. This effectively brought the idea of the feminine into a new context still defined by the shape of the corset, the feminine had suddenly been shaped into something defined by the individual woman and could reflect everything from guileless submission to the needs of the male to powerful aggression and control on the part of the female. The corset bears an everlasting sexual attraction: it glorifies, underlines, exacerbates and idealizes the female form. It has evolved aesthetically and symbolically: from underwear to outerwear (in late nineteenth century ball gowns), from corsets to bustiers, from constriction to power, from lingerie to armor (All Tied Up, 2006). I think you see why the shaping of the waist is important regarding sexuality. You state that W.Westwood was solely responsible for the comeback of corsets in the 80s. you could argue that it has always been there. Doirs new look (the nipped in waist) a corset in a more relaxed form. Not only female wears corset. Men do. Currently and in the past. Could talk about the waist coat acting like a corset for men or look up dandies Corsets Return in Cult Fashion and The Corset in High Fashion chapters can be cut down a lot if you look at the trickle down theory by simmel.

Martin’s Luther King Jr. Strugle for Racial Segregation and Civil Rights Essay

Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the most important figures within the fields of politics and non-violent activism of the 20th century. King was born on 15th of January 1929 in the city of Atlanta within the boundaries of the state of Georgia. Originally Martin Luther King Jr. as named after his father as Michael King, although his father who was also named after Michael King after visiting the Nazi Germany in order to attend the Fifth Baptist World Alliance Congress in Berlin he found himself been inspired by a German reformer called Martin Luther, so he decided to change both his name and his son’s name into Martin Luther King and Martin Luther King Jr. respectively. King was the middle child of the family having a younger brother Alfred Daniel Williams King and an older sister Willie Christine King. As a reference to his education he attended Booker T. Washington High school, also it is stated that he was a precocious student as he skipped two grades the ninth and the twelfth and entered Morehouse College at the early age of fifteen. He graduated College in 1948 and enrolled in Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester which he graduated with a B. Div. degree in 1951. Meanwhile in 1953 he married Correta Scott and eventually became a father of four children Yolanda King, Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott King, and Bernice King. Thereupon he became a pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery in 1954; he began his doctoral degree course in Systematic Theology at Boston University and graduated receiving his Ph. D. degree in 1955 with a dissertation on â€Å"A Comparison of the Conceptions of God in the Thinking of Paul Tillich and Henry Nelson Wieman†. Although an academic observation which was held in 1991 concluded that parts of his dissertation were plagiarized but the committee decided that his degree shouldn’t be revoked. As a remark Martin Luther King Jr. was strongly influenced by religion (as it was natural, as been a Christian Minister since 1947) more specifically he was influenced by Jesus Christ and the Christian Gospels from which he frequently used quotes in his public speeches, he was also inspired from Mahatma Gandhi’s non-violent activist action. In April of 1959 he made a desired for him as it was stated trip to India with the assistance of the American Friends Service Committee, it has to be mentioned that the trip affected King in a profound way and helped him deepen his knowledge and understanding in non-violent resistance and his commitment to the America’s struggle for civil rights, as he stated the last day of his trip to India in a local radio, King said: â€Å"Since being in India, I am more convinced than ever before that the method of non-violent resistance is the most potent weapon available to oppressed people in their struggle for justice and human dignity†. The â€Å"Fight† Against Segregation It all started back in 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, Claudette Colvin an African- American girl which in fact was under aged unmarried pregnant girl refused to give up her seat to a white man. At that point King was a member of the Birmingham African-American community and also a member of the committee which looked into the case but it was decided that they should wait for a better case to pursue. Their patience yielded. On December 1, 1955 an other African-American girl called Rosa Sparks also refused to give up her seat, back on that date the buses rows were â€Å"separated†, white people should seat on the front rows and the African-American people should seat on the back rows of the busses seats, as natural at some point the two â€Å"different† categories of passengers would meet. At that point the bus’s seats were all occupied and according to Jim Crow laws the following African-American passengers that would board on the bus were required to stand. It was exactly what they were waiting for, and soon after Rosa was arrested the Montgomery Bus Boycott broke out, it lasted 385 days. The whole Boycott issue turned out as a huge victory, although during the campaign a bombing attack was made against King’s house and he was also arrested. As a result the United States District Court in Browder v. Gayle case ended the racial segregation in all Montgomery public busses. After the Montgomery Bus Boycott King’s contribution to the result transformed him into a national figure and he was also off the record declared the best-known spokesman of the civil-rights movement. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Soon after the Montgomery lowdown King, Ralph Abernathy, and other civil rights activists founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The group was created in order to saddle the moral authority and organizing power of black churches to conduct non-violent protests in the service of civil rights reform, King led the SCLC until his death. In 1962 SCLC joins Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in the Albany Movement which was stated to be the first major non-violent campaign of SCLC. The Albany movement was a desegregation movement which was formed by local activist organizations, the SNCC and the National Association for the Advanced of Colored People (NAACP). The movement’s leader was William G. Anderson. During the period of King’s involvement with the Albany movement he was arrested twice, once in a mass arrest on 15th December of 1961 and in July of 1962. Although it has to be mentioned that King had been criticized by SNCC, they’ve even given him a snide nickname â€Å"De Lawd†, because as they claimed he maintained a safe distance from challenges that had to deal with Jim Crow laws. Birmingham Campaign Soon after the incidents in Albany the Birmingham campaign came to light. Birmingham campaign was a movement organized by SCLC and led by Martin Luther King Jr. and others. In the spring of 1963 the operation of the Birmingham campaign was at its peak, including widely publicized controversies between black young people and white civic authorities and eventually led the municipal government to change the city’s discrimination laws. A fact that can’t remain unnoticed as during the early 60s Birmingham was one of the most racially divided cities in the United States. Ultimately Birmingham movement was defined as a model of direct action protest, as it effectively shut down the city through a boycott and a series of sit-ins and marches, and drew the world’s attention to racial segregation in the South. Also it is stated that it paved the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Great March on Washington After the Birmingham campaign the SCLC called for massive protests in Washington DC to push for new civil rights legislation that would outlaw segregation nation-wide which turned to be an unparalleled success. The Great march on Washington claimed the title of one of the largest political rallies for human rights in the United State’s history, as the estimated number of participants varies from 200,000 to 300,000 and still remained non-violent, the 80% of the participants were estimated to be black and the rest were white and other non-black minorities. Also the city was swarmed by more than 2,000 buses, 21 special trains, 10 chartered aircrafts and uncountable personal vehicles. But the march was stigmatized by the King’s famous â€Å"I have a dream† speech. King began his speech with the emancipation of the slaves, issued by Abraham Lincoln and concludes that even though blacks were freed from slavery they still aren’t free. Then he raised the matter of the unkept promise of America to the Civil Rights Union for the continued pursuit of justice as racial segregation still existed. Finally he promotes black people to keep on fighting for their rights in non-violent ways as he believed that violence would lead to a cycle of fighting, unnecessary death and cruelty. The Poor People’s Campaign and the opposition to the Vietnam War In 1965 Martin Luther King Jr. egan to express his doubts about the Vietnam War in public. On 4th April 1967 he delivered a speech at the New York City Riverside Church titled â€Å"Beyond Vietnam: A time to break silence. † In which he expressed his objection to the role of the United States in the Vietnam War, mentioning that United States was in Vietnam â€Å"to occupy it as an American colony† and called the US government â€Å"the greatest purveyor of violence in the world today. † He also connected the Vietnam War with economic injustice based on the fact that the US government was spending more and more on the military and less and less on anti-poverty programs. He summed up this aspect by saying:† A nation that continues year after year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual death†. Almost a year later in 1968 King organized the â€Å"Poor Peoples Campaign† in order to raise the matter of economic injustice; King crossed the whole country in order to assemble a multiracial army of poor people in order to march on Washington DC and engage in a non-violent civil disobedience at the Capitol until Congress created an ‘economic bill of rights’ for poor Americans. The campaign culminated in a march on Washington, D. C. , demanding economic aid to the poorest communities of the United States. The reconnaissance King was awarded at least fifty honorary degrees from colleges and universities. On October 14, 1964, King became the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, which was awarded to him for leading non-violent resistance to racial prejudice in the U. S. In 1965, he was awarded the American Liberties Medallion by the American Jewish Committee for his â€Å"exceptional advancement of the principles of human liberty†. In his acceptance remarks, King said, â€Å"Freedom is one thing. You have it all or you are not free. † In 1957, he was awarded the Spingarn Medal from the NAACP. Two years later, he won the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for his book Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story. In 1966, the Planned Parenthood Federation of America awarded King the Margaret Sanger Award for â€Å"his courageous resistance to bigotry and his lifelong dedication to the advancement of social justice and human dignity†. Also in 1966, King was elected as a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was posthumously awarded a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for his Why I Oppose the War in Vietnam in 1971. In 1977, the Presidential Medal of Freedom was posthumously awarded to King by President Jimmy Carter, who stated: â€Å"Martin Luther King, Jr. , was the conscience of his generation. He gazed upon the great wall of segregation and saw that the power of love could bring it down. From the pain and exhaustion of his fight to fulfill the promises of our founding fathers for our humblest citizens, he wrung his eloquent statement of his dream for America. He made our nation stronger because he made it better. His dream sustains us yet. † More than 730 cities in the United States have streets named after King. King County, Washington rededicated its name in his honor in 1986, and changed its logo to an image of his face in 2007. The city government center in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, is named in honor of King. King is remembered as a martyr by the Episcopal Church in the United States of America (feast day April 4) and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (feast day January 15).